Rig Veda(梨俱吠陀)-Book 1(第一冊)-Sukta 61(頌歌61)

根據 RV 所建議的三重劃分，吠陀諸神可以最方便地分為天神、大氣神和大地神。天神是 Dyaus、Varuna、Mitra、Surya、Savitr、Pusan、Asvins，以及女神 Usas、Dawn 和 Ratri（Night）。大氣神是ndra, Apam napat, Rudra, the Maruts, Vayu, Parjanya, 及 Waters。大地神祇是普蒂維 (Prthivi)、阿格尼 (Agni) 和索瑪 (Soma)。本身。一些相當低階的神祇沒有被包括在內，部分原因是沒有整首讚美詩是針對他們的。其中兩個屬於天球。特里塔 (Trita) 是一位默默無聞的神，僅在 RV 的獨立詩節中提及，來自印度-伊朗時期。他似乎代表了火的“第三種”或閃電形式。與因陀羅的起源相似，貝在早期就被後者驅逐。Matarisvan 是神聖的存在，也只在 RV 的零散詩節中被提及。他被描述為將隱藏的火從天上降到人間，就像希臘神話中的普羅米修斯一樣。在陸地神靈中，某些河流在 RV 中被擬人化並被召喚。因此，Sindhu (Indus) 在一首讚美詩中被頌揚為女神 (x. 75, 2. 4. 6)，而 Vipas (Bïas) 和 Sutudri (Sutlej) 在另一首讚美詩 (iii. 33)。然而，最重要和最常受到讚揚的是薩拉斯瓦蒂（Sarasvati）（vi. 61; vii. 95）。儘管這裡的擬人化比其他溪流的情況要遠得多，但在RV車中，女神與河流的聯繫從未被忽視。

1-61-1

अस्मा इदु प्र तवसे तुराय प्रयो न हर्मि स्तोमं माहिनाय । ऋचीषमायाध्रिगव ओहमिन्द्राय ब्रह्माणि राततमा ॥

asmā id u pra tavase turāya prayo na harmi stomam māhināya | ṛcīṣamāyādhrigava oham indrāya brahmāṇi rātatamā ||

I offer adoration to that powerful, rapid, mighty, praise-meriting, and unobstructed Indra; adoration that is acceptable, and oblations that are grateful, as food (to a hungry man).

我頂禮那強大、迅速、威猛、值得讚歎、無礙的因陀羅；可以接受的崇拜，以及感激的奉獻，像食物對飢餓的人一樣。

1-61-2

अस्मा इदु प्रय इव प्र यंसि भराम्याङ्गूषं बाधे सुवृक्ति । इन्द्राय हृदा मनसा मनीषा प्रत्नाय पत्ये धियो मर्जयन्त ॥

asmā id u praya iva pra yaṃsi bharāmy āṅgūṣam bādhe suvṛkti | indrāya hṛdā manasā manīṣā pratnāya patye dhiyo marjayanta ||

I offer (oblations, acceptable as) food (to the hungry), to that Indra; I raise (to him) exclamations that may be of efficacy in discomfiting (my foe); others (also) worship Indra, the ancient lord, in heart, in mind, and in understanding.

我向那個因陀羅供養食物給飢餓的人；我向發出讚嘆，能讓我的敵人感到不安；其他人也在內心、意識和理解中，崇拜遠古的主，因陀羅。

1-61-3

अस्मा इदु त्यमुपमं स्वर्षां भराम्याङ्गूषमास्येन । मंहिष्ठमच्छोक्तिभिर्मतीनां सुवृक्तिभिः सूरिं वावृधध्यै ॥

asmā id u tyam upamaṃ svarṣām bharāmy āṅgūṣam āsyena | maṃhiṣṭham acchoktibhir matīnāṃ suvṛktibhiḥ sūriṃ vāvṛdhadhyai ||

I offer with my mouth a loud acclamation, with powerful and pure words of praise, to exalt him who is the type (of all), the giver (of good things), the great, the wise.

我用我的口大聲歡呼，以有力而純淨的讚美之詞，頌揚祂所有的典型、美好事物的賜予者、偉大的、智者。

1-61-4

अस्मा इदु स्तोमं सं हिनोमि रथं न तष्टेव तत्सिनाय । गिरश्च गिर्वाहसे सुवृक्तीन्द्राय विश्वमिन्वं मेधिराय ॥

asmā id u stomaṃ saṃ hinomi rathaṃ na taṣṭeva tatsināya | giraś ca girvāhase suvṛktīndrāya viśvaminvam medhirāya ||

I prepare praises fo rhim, as a carpenter constructs a car, (that the driver) may thence (obtain) food; praises well deserved, to him who is entitled to commendation, and excellent oblations to the wise Indra.

我準備讚美他，就像工匠建造馬車一樣，御者可以由此獲得食物；對有權受到讚揚的人表示當之無愧的讚揚，並對明智的因陀羅進行最好的供養。

1-61-5

अस्मा इदु सप्तिमिव श्रवस्येन्द्रायार्कं जुह्वा समञ्जे । वीरं दानौकसं वन्दध्यै पुरां गूर्तश्रवसं दर्माणम् ॥asmā id u saptim iva śravasyendrāyārkaṃ juhvā sam añje |

vīraṃ dānaukasaṃ vandadhyai purāṃ gūrtaśravasaṃ darmāṇam ||

To propitiate that Indra for the sake of food, I combinepraise with utterance, as (a man harnesses) a horse (to a car), in order to celebrate the heroic, munificent, and food-conferring Indra, the destroyer of the cities (of the asuras).

為了食物而撫慰因陀羅，我將讚美與言語結合在一起，如人套上馬車，以慶祝英雄，慷慨賜予食物的因陀羅，阿修羅城巿的毀滅者。

1-61-6

अस्मा इदु त्वष्टा तक्षद्वज्रं स्वपस्तमं स्वर्यं रणाय । वृत्रस्य चिद्विदद्येन मर्म तुजन्नीशानस्तुजता कियेधाः ॥

asmā id u tvaṣṭā takṣad vajraṃ svapastamaṃ svaryaṃ raṇāya | vṛtrasya cid vidad yena marma tujann īśānas tujatā kiyedhāḥ ||

For that Indra, verily Tvaṣṭā sharpened the well-acting, sure-aimed thunderbolt for the battle, with which fatal (weapon) the foe-subduing and mighty sovereign severed the limbs of Vṛtra.

敬那位因陀羅，Tvaṣṭā真實的為這場戰鬥磨礪了良好行動、目標明確的雷霆，用這致命的武器征服敵人的強大君主，切斷了Vṛtra(弗栗多)的四肢。

1-61-7

अस्येदु मातुः सवनेषु सद्यो महः पितुं पपिवाञ्चार्वन्ना । मुषायद्विष्णुः पचतं सहीयान्विध्यद्वराहं तिरो अद्रिमस्ता ॥

asyed u mātuḥ savaneṣu sadyo mahaḥ pitum papivāñ cārv annā | muṣāyad viṣṇuḥ pacataṃ sahīyān vidhyad varāhaṃ tiro adrim astā ||

Quickly quaffing the libations, and devouring the grateful viands (presented) at the three (daily) sacrifices which are dedicated to the creator (of the world), he, the pervadere of the universe, stole the ripe (treasures of the asuras); the vanquisher (of his foes), the hurler of the thunderbolt, encountering pierced the cloud.

在獻給世界創造者的每日三次獻祭中，他迅速地搖晃著聖物，吞噬著感恩的聖物，，彌漫於宇宙的他，偷走了阿修羅豐厚的的寶藏；他，敵人的征服者，霹靂的投擲者，碰觸並穿透了雲層。

1-61-8

अस्मा इदु ग्नाश्चिद्देवपत्नीरिन्द्रायार्कमहिहत्य ऊवुः । परि द्यावापृथिवी जभ्र उर्वी नास्य ते महिमानं परि ष्टः ॥

asmā id u gnāś cid devapatnīr indrāyārkam ahihatya ūvuḥ | pari dyāvāpṛthivī jabhra urvī nāsya te mahimānam pari ṣṭaḥ ||

To that Indra the women, the wives of the gods, addressed their hymns, on the destruction of Ahi; he encompasses the extensive heaven and earth; they two do not surpass your vastness.

眾神的妻子們向因陀羅吟唱讚美詩，讚美Ahi(阿希；弗栗多)的毀滅；他包容了廣闊的天地；他們兩個都無法超越你的浩瀚。

1-61-9

अस्येदेव प्र रिरिचे महित्वं दिवस्पृथिव्याः पर्यन्तरिक्षात् । स्वराळिन्द्रो दम आ विश्वगूर्तः स्वरिरमत्रो ववक्षे रणाय ॥

asyed eva pra ririce mahitvaṃ divas pṛthivyāḥ pary antarikṣāt | svarāḻ indro dama ā viśvagūrtaḥ svarir amatro vavakṣe raṇāya ||

His magnitude verily exceeds that of the heaven, and earth and sky; Indra, self-irradiating in his dwelling, equal to every exploit, engaged with no unworthy foe, and killed in conflict, calls to battle.

祂的偉大確實超過了天界、地球、天空；因陀羅在自己的居所中自我照耀，立下赫赫戰功，與無恥的敵人交戰，並在衝突中殺死他們，他號召戰鬥。

1-61-10

अस्येदेव शवसा शुषन्तं वि वृश्चद्वज्रेण वृत्रमिन्द्रः । गा न व्राणा अवनीरमुञ्चदभि श्रवो दावने सचेताः ॥

asyed eva śavasā śuṣantaṃ vi vṛścad vajreṇa vṛtram indraḥ | gā na vrāṇā avanīr amuñcad abhi śravo dāvane sacetāḥ ||

Indra, by his vigour, cut to pieces with his thunderbolt Vṛtra, the absorber (of moisture), and set free the preserving waters, like cows (recovered from thieves); and, consentient (to the wishes)of the giver of the oblation, (grants him) food.

因陀羅憑藉他的力量，用他的霹靂將Vṛtra切成碎片，並釋放了被圍困的水，就像從盜賊手中奪回牛一樣。並且，在供奉供奉者祈求的下，給他食物。

1-61-11

अस्येदु त्वेषसा रन्त सिन्धवः परि यद्वज्रेण सीमयच्छत् । ईशानकृद्दाशुषे दशस्यन्तुर्वीतये गाधं तुर्वणिः कः ॥asyed u tveṣasā ranta sindhavaḥ pari yad vajreṇa sīm ayacchat | īśānakṛd dāśuṣe daśasyan turvītaye gādhaṃ turvaṇiḥ kaḥ ||

Through his power, the rivers sport, since he has opened (a way for them) by his thunderbolt; establishing his supremacy and granting a (recompense) to the giver (of the oblation), he, the swift-moving provided a resting plural ce for Tūrvīti.

透過他的力量，河流動起來了，因為他用雷電為它們開闢了一條道路；為了確立他的至高無上的地位，給予奉獻者回報，他，行動迅速的人，為Tūrvīti(一位被浸入水中的仙人)提供了沉默的無限關愛。

1-61-12

अस्मा इदु प्र भरा तूतुजानो वृत्राय वज्रमीशानः कियेधाः । गोर्न पर्व वि रदा तिरश्चेष्यन्नर्णांस्यपां चरध्यै ॥

asmā id u pra bharā tūtujāno vṛtrāya vajram īśānaḥ kiyedhāḥ | gor na parva vi radā tiraśceṣyann arṇāṃsy apāṃ caradhyai ||

Indra, who are the quick moving and strength-endowed lord (of all), hurl your thunderbolt against this Vṛtra and sever his joints, as (butchers cut up) a cow, that the rains may issue from him, and the waters flow (over the earth).

對所有人來說，因陀羅（Indra）是行動敏捷、力量強大的主宰。請向這個弗栗多投擲你的雷霆，切斷他的關節，就像屠夫切開一頭牛一樣，使雨水從他身上流出，讓水流在地球上空。

1-61-13

अस्येदु प्र ब्रूहि पूर्व्याणि तुरस्य कर्माणि नव्य उक्थैः । युधे यदिष्णान आयुधान्यृघायमाणो निरिणाति शत्रून् ॥

asyed u pra brūhi pūrvyāṇi turasya karmāṇi navya ukthaiḥ | yudhe yad iṣṇāna āyudhāny ṛghāyamāṇo niriṇāti śatrūn ||

Proclaim, with new hymns, the former exploits of that quick-moving Indra, when wielding his weapons in battle, he encounters and destroys his enemies.

用新的讚美詩來宣揚那位行動敏捷的因陀羅以前的功績，當他在戰鬥中揮舞著他的武器時，他遇到並消滅了他的敵人。

1-61-14

अस्येदु भिया गिरयश्च दृळ्हा द्यावा च भूमा जनुषस्तुजेते । उपो वेनस्य जोगुवान ओणिं सद्यो भुवद्वीर्याय नोधाः ॥

asyed u bhiyā girayaś ca dṛḻhā dyāvā ca bhūmā januṣas tujete | upo venasya joguvāna oṇiṃ sadyo bhuvad vīryāya nodhāḥ ||

Through fear of him, the stable mountains (are still), and through dread of his appearance, heaven and earth tremble; may, Nodhas, praising repeatedly the preserving power of that beloved Indra, be speedily (blessed) with vigour.

山因對他的恐懼而靜止；天地因對他的恐懼而顫抖。願，Nodhas(一位仙人的名字)，反復讚揚這位敬愛的因陀羅所保存的力量，迅速充滿活力而得到祝福。

1-61-15

अस्मा इदु त्यदनु दाय्येषामेको यद्वव्ने भूरेरीशानः । प्रैतशं सूर्ये पस्पृधानं सौवश्व्ये सुष्विमावदिन्द्रः ॥

asmā id u tyad anu dāyy eṣām eko yad vavne bhūrer īśānaḥ | praitaśaṃ sūrye paspṛdhānaṃ sauvaśvye suṣvim āvad indraḥ ||

To him has that praise been offered which he, sole (victor over his foes), and lord of maniford wealth, prefers (to receive) from those (who praise him). Indra has defended the pious sacrificer Etaśa when contending with Sūrya, the son of Svaśva.

他作為唯一戰勝了敵人的人、多采多姿的財富的主人，更願意從那些讚美他的人那裡，得到這樣的讚美。因陀羅在與Svaśva的兒子Sūrya(太陽神)戰鬥時，保護了虔誠祭祀的Etaśa(埃塔莎)。

1-61-16

एवा ते हारियोजना सुवृक्तीन्द्र ब्रह्माणि गोतमासो अक्रन् । ऐषु विश्वपेशसं धियं धाः प्रातर्मक्षू धियावसुर्जगम्यात् ॥

evā te hāriyojanā suvṛktīndra brahmāṇi gotamāso akran | aiṣu viśvapeśasaṃ dhiyaṃ dhāḥ prātar makṣū dhiyāvasur jagamyāt ||

Indra, harnesser of steeds, the descendants of Gotama have offered to you prayers of efficacy to secure your presence; bestow upon them every sort of affluence; may he who has acquired wealth by pious acts, come hither quickly in the morning.

因陀羅，馬的駕馭者，喬達摩的後裔已向您虔誠的祈禱，以確保您的存在；請賜予他們各種富裕；願那些靠虔誠行為而獲得財富的人，早上盡快的來到這裡。