樓陀羅指的是樓陀羅神的形象,其傳統自此與濕婆連結在一起。他們構成了吠陀萬神殿三十三位神中的十一位。 他們有時被認為是被稱為 Maruts 的風暴神,而有時被認為與他們不同。《瓦馬納往世書》將樓陀羅描述為迦葉波和阿底提的兒子,而Marut則被描述為與樓陀羅不同的,是Diti的49 個兒子、阿底提底的妹妹和因陀羅的侍從,而不是樓陀羅。
Origin of Rudra : his becoming eight Rudras: their wives and children. The posterity of Bhrigu. Account of Śrī in conjunction with Viṣṇu. Sacrifice of Dakṣa.
樓陀羅的起源:他成為八個樓陀羅:他們的妻子和孩子。Bhrigu的後裔。Śrī與毗濕奴的記述。Dakṣa的獻祭
Parāśara said:—
I have described to you, oh great Muni, the creation of Brahmā, in which the quality of darkness prevailed. I will now explain to you the creation of Rudra.
波羅奢羅說:
「偉大的牟尼啊,我已經向你描述了有關梵天創世的過程,其中黑暗的特質盛行。現在我將向您解釋 有關樓陀羅的創造。
In the beginning of the Kalpa, as Brahmā purposed to create a son, who should be like himself, a youth of a purple complexion appeared, crying with a low cry, and running about. Brahmā, when he beheld him thus afflicted, said to him, “Why dost thou weep?” “Give me a name,” replied the boy. “Rudra be thy name,” rejoined the great father of all creatures: “be composed; desist from tears.” But, thus addressed, the boy still wept seven times, and Brahmā therefore gave to him seven other denominations; and to these eight persons regions and wives and posterity belong. The eight manifestations, then, are named Rudra, Bhava, Śarva, Iśāna, Paśupati, Bhīma, Ugra, and Mahādeva, which were given to them by their great progenitor. He also assigned to them their respective stations, the sun, water, earth, air, fire, ether, the ministrant Brahman, and the moon; for these are their several forms. The wives of the sun and the other manifestations, termed Rudra and the rest, were respectively, Suvercalā, Uṣā, Vikesī, Sivā, Svāhā, Diśā, Dīkṣā, and Rohinī. Now hear an account of their progeny, by whose successive generations this world has been peopled. Their sons, then, were severally, Sanaiścara (Saturn), Śukra (Venus), the fiery-bodied Mars, Manojava (Hanumān), Skanda, Svarga, Santāna, and Budha (Mercury).
在劫初時期,梵天想要創造小孩,應該與自己一樣。而出現一紫色少年,他低聲哭泣,奔走著。梵天看到他如此痛苦,就問他說:
『你為什麼哭泣?』
男孩回答:
『給我一個名字吧。』
萬物之父回答:
『樓陀羅是你的名字。保持鎮定、止住眼淚。』
但是,在這樣說之後,男孩仍然哭了七次。因此佈梵天給了他七個其他分身。土地、妻子和後代都屬於這八個人。那麼,這八種顯現分別被命名為樓陀羅 (Rudra)、巴瓦( Bhava)、薩爾瓦(Sarva)、伊薩那 (Ishana)、帕蘇帕蒂(Pasupati) 、比瑪 ( Bhīma ) 、尤格拉 ( Ugra ) 和瑪哈戴瓦 ( Mahādeva),這是由他們的偉大祖先賦予他們的。他也給他們分配了各自的位置:太陽、水、土、空氣、火、以太、大臣婆羅門和月亮,因為這些是祂們的幾種形式。妻子們太陽和其他顯現,稱為樓陀羅(Rudra)和其餘顯現,分別是蘇維爾卡拉(Suvercalā)、烏薩(Uṣā)、維克斯西(Vikesī)、西瓦(Siva)、斯瓦哈( Svāhā)、迪薩(Disha)、逹剎(Dīkṣā)和羅希尼( Rohini )。現在聽聽他們的後代的敘述,他們的後代已經居住在這個世界上。他們的兒子分別是:Sanaiścara(土星)、Śukra(金星)、火熱的火星、Manojava(哈努曼)、Skanda、Svarga、Santāna,和Budha(水星)。
It was the Rudra of this description that married Satī, who abandoned her corporeal existence in consequence of the displeasure of Dakṣa. She afterwards was the daughter of Himavān (the snowy mountains) by Menā; and in that character, as the only Umā, the mighty Bhava again married her. The divinities Dhātā and Vidhātā were born to Bhrigu by Khyāti, as was a daughter, Śrī, the wife of Nārāyaṇa, the god of gods.
正是這種面像的樓陀羅與Satī結婚。Satī因Dakṣa的不滿而放棄了她的肉體存在。後來她成為Menā 所生的,Himavān(雪山神)的女兒。在這個角色中,作為唯一的Umā(烏瑪),強大的Bhava再次娶了她。神祇Dhātā和Vidhātā是Bhrigu 所生,其女兒Sri也是眾神之神Nārayana的妻子。
Maitreya said:—
It is commonly said that the goddess Śrī was born from the sea of milk, when it was churned for ambrosia; how then can you say that she was the daughter of Bhrigu by Khyāti.
彌勒說:
人們普遍認為,Śrī女神是從乳海中誕生的,當時乳海被攪拌成甘露;那你怎麼會說她是Khyāti 與Bhrigu 的女兒呢?
Parāśara said:—
Śrī, the bride of Viṣṇu, the mother of the world, is eternal, imperishable; in like manner as he is all-pervading, so also is she, oh best of Brahmans, omnipresent. Viṣṇu is meaning; she is speech. Hari is polity (Naya); she is prudence (Nīti). Viṣṇu is understanding; she is intellect. He is righteousness; she is devotion. He is the creator; she is creation. Śrī is the earth; Hari the support of it. The deity is content; the eternal Lakṣmī is resignation. He is desire; Śrī is wish. He is sacrifice; she is sacrificial donation (Dakṣinā). The goddess is the invocation which attends the oblation; Janārddana is the oblation. Lakṣmī is the chamber where the females are present (at a religious ceremony); Madhusūdana the apartment of the males of the family. Lakṣmī is the altar; Hari the stake (to which the victim is bound). Śrī is the fuel; Hari the holy grass (Kuśa). He is the personified Sāma veda; the goddess, lotus-throned, is the tone of its chanting. Lakṣmī is the prayer of oblation (Svāhā); Vāsudeva, the lord of the world, is the sacrificial fire. Saurī (Viṣṇu) is Śaṅkara (Śiva); and Śrī is the bride of Śiva (Gaurī). Keśava, oh Maitreya, is the sun; and his radiance is the lotus-seated goddess. Viṣṇu is the tribe of progenitors (Pitrigana); Padma. is their bride (Swadhā), the eternal bestower of nutriment. Śrī is the heavens; Viṣṇu, who is one with all things, is wide extended space. The lord of Śrī is the moon; she is his unfading light. She is called the moving principle of the world; he, the wind which bloweth every where. Govinda is the ocean; Lakṣmī its shore. Lakṣmī is the consort of Indra (Indrānī); Madhusūdana is Devendra. The holder of the discus (Viṣṇu) is Yama (the regent of Tartarus); the lotus-throned goddess is his dusky spouse (Dhūmornā). Śrī is wealth; Śridhara (Viṣṇu) is himself the god of riches (Kuvera). Lakṣmī, illustrious Brahman, is Gaurī; and Keśava, is the deity of ocean (Varuna). Śrī is the host of heaven (Devasenā); the deity of war, her lord, is Hari. The wielder of the mace is resistance; the power to oppose is Śrī. Lakṣmī is the Kāṣṭhā and the Kalā; Hari the Nimeṣa and the Muhūrtta. Lakṣmī is the light; and Hari, who is all, and lord of all, the lamp. She, the mother of the world, is the creeping vine; and Viṣṇu the tree round which she clings. She is the night; the god who is armed with the mace and discus is the day. He, the bestower of blessings, is the bridegroom; the lotus-throned goddess is the bride.
波羅奢羅說:
Śrī,是世界之母,毗濕奴的新娘,是永恆的、不朽的;正如他無所不在一樣,她呀,哦 !最好的婆羅門,也是無所不在的。毗濕奴是悟性;她是智慧。Hari 是體制(Naya);她是慎知(Nīti)。毗濕奴是知識;她是才智。他是公義;她是奉獻。祂是創造者;她是創造。Śrī是大地;Hari則是祂的支持者。神是知足的;永恆的拉克希米就是順從的。他(毗濕奴)就是慾望;Śrī是願望。他是祭祀;她是祭祀的報酬(Dakṣinā)。女神是伴隨祭祀的祈求;Janārddana(毗濕奴)是祭品。Lakṣmī 是女性在場的房間(在宗教儀式上);Madhusūdana 是該家族男性的居室。Lakṣmī是祭壇;Hari 木樁(犧牲者被綁在上面)。Śrī是燃料;Hari 聖草(Kusa)。他是薩摩吠陀的化身;蓮花寶座上的女神是其吟唱的音律。Lakṣmī 是奉獻祈禱 (Svāhā); Vāsudeva,世界之主,則是祭祀之火。Saurī(Viṣṇu)是Śaṅkara(Śiva);Śrī是Śiva(Gaurī)的新娘。彌勒阿,Keśava是太陽;其光輝為蓮花座上的天女。毗濕奴是progenitors(Pitrigana);Padma是他們的新娘(Swadhā),永恆的營養賜予者。Śrī是諸天;毗濕奴則與萬物合一,是廣闊的虛空。聖主是月亮;她是他不滅的光。她被稱為世界的運作原理;他,是吹遍四面八方的風。Govinda(戈文達)是海洋;Lakṣmī是祂的海岸。Lakṣmī是因陀羅的配偶(Indrani);Madhusūdana 是Devendra。鐵餅的持有者(Viṣṇu)是Yama(Tartarus的統治者);坐在蓮花寶座上的女神是他的深色配偶(Dhūmornā)。Śrī是財富;Śridhara(Viṣṇu)本人就是財富之神(Kuvera)。Lakṣmī,傑出的婆羅門,是Gaurī;Keśava 是海洋之神 (Varuna)。Śrī 是天堂之主(Devasenā);她的主戰之神是Hari。狼牙棒的使用者是抵抗者;對抗的力量是Śrī。Lakṣmī 是Kāṣṭha和Kala;Hari、Nimeṣa和Muhūrtta。Lakṣmī是光;而Hari,他是一切,一切的主宰,明燈。她,世界之母,是爬行的藤蔓;毗濕奴是她所依附的樹。她是夜晚;手持狼牙棒和鐵餅的神就是白晝。祂是賜福的賜予者,是新郎;蓮花寶座上的女神是新娘。
The god is one with all male—the goddess one with all female, rivers. The lotus-eyed deity is the standard; the goddess seated on a lotus the banner. Lakṣmī is cupidity; Nārāyaṇa, the master of the world, is covetousness. Oh thou who knowest what righteousness is, Govinda is love; and Lakṣmī, his gentle spouse, is pleasure. But why thus diffusely enumerate their presence: it is enough to say, in a word, that of gods, animals, and men, Hari is all that is called male; Lakṣmī is all that is termed female: there is nothing else than they.